Re: battery--here we go again
First of all, if you measure the voltage across a battery with the battery charger connected, what you are reading is not the battery voltage, but the voltage which the charger is required to put out to force more current into the battery, which will always be slightly higher than the actual battery voltage. In addition, a wet cell battery will hold a higher voltage than normal for a period of time after the charge is removed, which has to do with battery design. For an accurate measure of the battery condition, it needs to sit with no charge or discharge for two hours to "rest."
In practice, as long as there are only very light loads on a battery you can still get a pretty accurate reading and probably after an hour or so for most purposes. A great deal also depends upon the accuracy of the meter that you are using since small changes have significant meaning.
A good trickle charger has a circuit built into it that monitors the battery voltage and causes it to cycle on and off as the voltage changes.Since the battery voltage rises as it is charged and then slowly falls as it looses charge, the actual timing of your measurement will cause a wide variation in what you will see on the meter, particularly if the meter is very accurate. That is the reason for the stated condition of letting the battery "rest" for two hours so that you have some consistency in reading when compared to condition of the battery.
Another major contributor is the age and condition of that battery. With a new one there should be a pretty predictable voltage pattern, but only when in the resting condition. The best way to get that is to remove the charger connections and also lift the negative battery cable. Here is a copy of the battery chart that I use.
Temperature: 77 degrees Fahrenheit
Percent Hydrometer Unloaded
charge reading voltage
100 1.265 12.63
75 1.210 12.30
50 1.160 12.00
25 1.120 11.76
0 1.100 11.64
You can also view the complete chart by visiting this link:
http://www.adventure.1tree.net/rv-living/maintenance/battery-charge-level-chart